What happened in the 1040s?
⚖️ Reform of the Cluny Abbey (1049) - Pope St. Leo IX visits Cluny and supports reforms that emphasize poverty, chastity, and obedience, influencing monastic life across Europe.
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Further Reading
- Cluny Abbey (article) | Romanesque - Khan Academy (khanacademy.org)
- Cluniac Reforms - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org)
- Cluny & Monastic Reform - Stephen J. Shoemaker (stephen-shoemaker.com)
- History of the Abbey of Cluny - Abbaye de Cluny (cluny-abbaye.fr)
- The Cluniac Reform: How Great Catholics Respond to Crisis (catholicism.org)
- Cluny: Pioneering a Profound Spiritual Revival - Medieval History (historymedieval.com)
- Cluny and the Monastic Reforms of the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries (encyclopedia.com)
- Cluny, Tiron, and the New Orders, 910-1156 - Durham e-Theses (ac.uk)
- how the west fell from grace (1003-1204) (academia.edu)
- EverettFerguson-Church-History-Vol.-1.pdf (fbcclassroom.com)